Abstract
Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects about 10% of the european population causing considerable disease burden. The inflammatory microenvironment is mainly Th2 driven, but the impact of monocytes is still poorly understood. Aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the composition of circulating monocytes and T cells in CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients, particularly with regard to the therapeutic herbal monoterpene 1,8-Cineol. Methodology: We analyzed the distribution of CD14 and CD16 classified monocyte subsets and the T-cell subset composition with respect to their PD-1 and PD-L1 expression in the peripheral blood of CRS patients using flow cytometry. Additionally, the M1/M2 like macrophage infiltration in nasal tissue and polyps was examined by immunofluorescence staining. Results: Data revealed a decrease of classical monocytes accompanied by a significant increase of intermediate CD16+ monocytes in CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients compared to healthy donors. PD-L1 expression on overall monocytes was also significantly increased in CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients. CRS patients with a severe drop of the proportion of classical monocytes showed a significant restoration of this subset in response to two-week 1,8-Cineol treatment. Conclusions: Our data indicate a CRS-induced shift of peripheral monocyte subsets to more inflammatory phenotypes that might be reversed by the herbal drug 1,8-Cineol.
Highlights
Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease worldwide and affecting about 10% of the European population [1, 2]
Data revealed a decrease of classical monocytes accompanied by a significant increase of intermediate CD16+ monocytes in CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients compared to healthy donors
Alteration of monocyte subsets in Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) patients Our data revealed alterations of the abundance of monocyte subsets in CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients compared to healthy donors (HD)
Summary
Chronic Rhinosinusitis (CRS) is a common disease worldwide and affecting about 10% of the European population [1, 2]. Chronic rhinosinusitis can occur without (CRSsNP) or with a manifestation of nasal polyps (CRSwNP). The inflammatory milieu of the sinonasal mucosa in CRSsNP patients is characterized by a mixed T helper (Th) Th1/Th2 or a Th1 phenotype, whereas in CRSwNP a Th2 polarization is dominant [9, 10]. Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) affects about 10% of the european population causing considerable disease burden. The inflammatory microenvironment is mainly Th2 driven, but the impact of monocytes is still poorly understood. Aim of this study was to comprehensively investigate the composition of circulating monocytes and T cells in CRSwNP and CRSsNP patients, particularily with regard to the therapeutic herbal monoterpene 1,8-Cineol
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