Abstract
We investigated the effect of four feed additives, namely β-glucan, a drinking water acidifier (DWA), a sanguinarine-containing product (SN) and fulvic acid, on hepatic cytochrome P450 (CYP) mRNA expression and CYP enzyme activity in chickens. The test substances were given to the chickens in the recommended dose or in tenfold dose. The administration of 5 mg/kg body weight (bw) β-glucan and 0.1 ml/kg bw DWA for five days decreased the relative gene expression of CYP1A4 and CYP2C23a. The dosing of 50 mg/kg bw β-glucan, 5 and 50 mg/kg bw SN, 1 ml/kg bw DWA and 250 mg/kg bw fulvic acid doubled the hepatic CYP1A4 activity. The activity of CYP2C and CYP3A remained unchanged. Avoidance of CYP1A-mediated feed-drug interactions requires accurate dosing of β-glucan, DWA and fulvic acid. According to our results, no treatment resulted in excessive or less CYP2C and CYP3A protein formation, which reduces the risk of potential feed additive-drug interactions in chickens. However, the administration of feed additive SN containing a plant alkaloid should be avoided concomitantly with CYP1A-metabolised medicines.
Highlights
Domesticated chickens, as one of the most important food protein sources, should remain healthy and antimicrobial-free during the entire raising period
They are suspected to be safe, it is presumed that orally absorbed feed additives may influence the metabolism of drugs through the enzymes of phase I and/or phase II reaction; few studies have defined the actual extent of these effects (Fink-Gremmels, 2008; Csikó et al, 2014; de Boer et al, 2015)
The gene expression of CYP2C23a was decreased on some occasions; the activity of CYP2C enzymes did not change following the administration of the four feed additives examined
Summary
Domesticated chickens, as one of the most important food protein sources, should remain healthy and antimicrobial-free during the entire raising period. Feed additives may improve the immunity and feed utilisation of chickens The effect of these feed additives on drug-metabolising enzymes is unknown, the flock may need to be treated at any time during the growing period, and it is questionable whether the additives cause any alteration in cytochrome P450 (CYP) enzyme activity, which may modify the therapeutic effect of medicines. Several substances are available for use as feed additives or drinking water supplementation in livestock farming. In our study we investigated the effect of β-glucan, a sanguinarine-containing product (Sangrovit®), a drinking water acidifier (Immunofort®), and fulvic acid. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of four feed additives, namely β-glucan, Immunofort® (a drinking water acidifier, DWA), Sangrovit® (a sanguinarine-containing product, SN) and fulvic acid on hepatic CYP mRNA expression level and CYP enzyme activity in chickens (Gallus gallus domesticus)
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