Abstract
Resumo Objetivo Analisar as alterações clínicas, metabólicas e sua relação com a resistência à insulina entre adolescentes. Métodos Estudo analítico, realizado com 357 adolescentes de escolas públicas estaduais de um município do Nordeste brasileiro. O formulário aplicado continha as variáveis Índice de Massa Corporal, Circunferência da Cintura, Circunferência do Pescoço, Índice de Conicidade, Pressão Arterial Média; Triglicerídeos, Glicemia, High — Density Lipoprotein Coiesteroi, Insulina e Índice Homeostasis Model Assessment, analisadas por medidas descritivas para variáveis quantitativas; e frequências para variáveis qualitativas. Foram realizados testes de associações através do Qui-quadrado e do teste Odds Ratio. Resultados A prevalência de resistência à insulina foi de 33,9%. As médias da circunferência da cintura, circunferência do pescoço, índice de conicidade, pressão arterial sistólica média e pressão arterial diastólica média estiveram elevadas respectivamente em 4,2%; 30%; 10,9%; 4,2% e 14% dos adolescentes. Os níveis de High – Density Lipoprotein colesterol estiveram diminuídos em 30,5% da amostra, ao passo que os triglicerídeos estavam elevados em 18,8%. Não foi identificada alteração na glicemia. Aqueles que apresentaram índice de massa corporal, circunferência da cintura, circunferência do pescoço, índice de conicidade e triglicerídeos com valores alterados possuíam maiores chances de apresentar resistência à insulina (OD: 3,62; 11,54; 3,50; 4,49; 3,05, respectivamente). De maneira oposta, os adolescentes com pressão arterial sistólica média, pressão arterial diastólica média e High — Density Lipoprotein colesterol alterados não apresentaram significância estatística (p<0,05). Conclusão A resistência à insulina está presente entre os adolescentes, com associações positivas e significativas com alterações clínicas e metabólicas.
Highlights
The changes in life habits of the world population, with low levels of daily physical activity added to an inadequate diet that includes high calorie-density foods, influence the development of several chronic diseases, such as Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH), Dyslipidemias, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance (IR)
Identification of IR in adolescents using HOMA-IR index, with additional assessment of anthropometric and metabolic variables of this population group, makes it possible to identify the risk factors that are more closely associated to IR development and of its secondary diseases, assisting on the implementation of intervention measures scoped on public health prevention of cardiovascular events and non-transmittable chronic diseases in adolescence and adulthood. [3,6]
It was discovered that age is a protection factor for insulin resistance, where the addition of a year decreases chances of insulin resistance by 10.4%. for variable Neck Circumference (NC), it was identified that adolescents who have inadequate NC present approximately 3 times more chance to be insulin resistant when compared to adolescents with adequate NC
Summary
The changes in life habits of the world population, with low levels of daily physical activity added to an inadequate diet that includes high calorie-density foods, influence the development of several chronic diseases, such as Systemic Arterial Hypertension (SAH), Dyslipidemias, Diabetes Mellitus, Obesity, and Insulin Resistance (IR) These changes happen independently from age group, as they are increasingly common among adolescents. Accumulation of body fat during this age range may lead to the development of IR, an event that consists of unbalanced glucose metabolism, causing increased insulin production, decreased receptor concentration, cell-transit mechanism failure or impairment of some post-receptor mechanisms after its use This excessive concentration of body fat, especially abdominal fat, is directly related to high values of Free Fatty Acids (FFA) in the bloodstream. This study aimed at assessing clinical and metabolic indicators and their relation with insulin resistance among adolescents
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