Alteplase treatment affects circulating matrix metalloproteinase concentrations in patients with ST segment elevation acute myocardial infarction

Abstract

Introduction Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are expressed in atherosclerotic plaques. Acute coronary syndromes may be precipitated by MMPs through degradation of the fibrous cap and subsequent plaque disruption. Serine proteases such as plasmin activate MMPs and may contribute to plaque events. Thrombolysis with recombinant tissue plasminogen activator (rtPA) is widely used for treatment of acute ST segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). In the present study we assessed whether thrombolytic therapy with rtPA in patients with STEMI influences serum levels of MMP-2 and MMP-9. Methods We recruited 108 patients (92 men, mean age 64 ± 12 years) with STEMI, of whom 84 (78%) received thrombolytic treatment with rtPA and 24 (22%) did not. MMP-2 and MMP-9 levels were assessed at hospital admission (baseline), and at 24 and 72 h after admission, using a commercially available ELISA. Results Overall, MMP-9 levels were higher in the thrombolysis group compared to patients without thrombolysis ( p < 0.001). Thrombolysis treatment significantly affected the change in MMP-9 levels during the 72-h study period ( p < 0.001). Conclusions The present study showed that thrombolysis could affect circulating levels of MMP-9 in STEMI patients. Whether this effect may lead to plaque instability deserves further investigation.