Abstract
Recently, the role of gut microbiota in the development of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has been highlighted. We performed an 8-week administration protocol on T2DM (C57BL/6J db-/db-) mice and fecal samples were collected. Comparisons of fecal bacterial communities were performed between db-/db- mice and normal mice (DB/DB) and between the db-/db mice treated and untreated with AOE using next-generation sequencing technology. Our results showed that the db-/db-AOE group had improved glycemic control and renal function compared with the db-/db-H2O group. Compared with the db-/db-H2O group, AOE administration resulted in significantly increased ratio of Bacteroidetes-to-Firmicutes in db-/db- mice. In addition, the abundance of Akkermansia was significantly increased, while Helicobacter was significantly suppressed in the db-/db-AOE group compared with the db-/db-H2O group. Our data suggest that AOE treatment decreased blood glucose levels and significantly reduced damage of renal pathology in the T2DM mice by modulating gut microbiota composition.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease whose principal cause is obesity-linked insulin resistance
Urine albumin excretion decreased significantly after A. oxyphylla extract (AOE) administration (23.1% (P = 0 0176) in db-/db-AOE100, 35.1% (P = 0 0077) in db-/db-AOE300, and 52.9% (P = 0 0052) in db-/dbAOE500) for 8 weeks compared with the db-/db-H2O group in a dose-dependent manner (Figure 1(c))
In oral glucose tolerance test, the db-/db- mice treated with AOE had improved glucose intolerance compared to db-/db-H2O mice, in which the db-/db-AOE500 mice revealed the lower plasma glucose concentrations and lower area under the curve (AUC) of glucose (19.9%, P = 0 0386) (Figures 1(d), 1(e))
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disease whose principal cause is obesity-linked insulin resistance. This disease is becoming a major public health challenge, and the incidence of DM is projected to rise to 439 million by 2030, while 90% patients have type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [1]. Altered gut microbiota is related to multiple diseases, such as T2DM and obesity [5]. Growing evidence has shown that gut microbiota during clinical T2DM results in compositional changes between patients and healthy controls, including an obesity-related change in the abundance ratio of Bacteroidetes : Firmicutes [6, 7] and a decreased abundance of mucin-degrading Akkermansia muciniphila in overweight children and pregnant women [8]. Understanding the alteration of gut microbiota under different situations will be beneficial for the diagnosis and treatment of different diseases
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