Alpinia calcarata Roscoe: A potent antiinflammatory agent

Abstract

Aim of the studyAlpinia calcarata Roscoe (Family: Zingiberaceae) rhizomes are often used in Sri Lankan traditional systems of medicine as a remedy for bronchitis, cough, respiratory ailments, diabetics, asthma and arthritis. Generally drugs that are used for arthritis have antinociceptive and antiinflammatory properties. However, validity of the antiinflammatory activity has not been scientifically investigated so far. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the antiinflammatory potential of Alpinia calcarata rhizomes using hot water extract (AWE) and hot ethanolic extract (AEE). Materials and MethodsThe antiinflammatory activity of Alpinia calcarata was evaluated by use of the carrageenan-induced paw oedema model in rats. In addition, the mechanism/s by which Alpinia calcarata is mediated the antinflammatory activity was assessed by determining its effects on (a) membrane stabilizing, (b) antihistamine and (c) prostaglandin synthesis inhibition activity. ResultsAll the tested doses of AWE and AEE (250, 500, 750, and 1000mg/kg) produced a significant (P≤0.05) inhibition of the inflammation, most pronounced at 4h after the injection of carrageenan. The antiinflammatory effect induced by 500mg/kg of AEE was superior than the reference drug, indomethacin at 4h. Inhibition of histamine and prostaglandin synthesis production is probable mechanisms by which Alpinia calcarata mediates its antiinflammatory action. ConclusionThese findings rationalize the traditional usage of Alpinia calcarata as an antiinflammatory agent for the first time.