Abstract
Main indoor allergens for humans are from house dust mites. There are more than 30 allergens in Dermatophagoides farinae but only fourteen allergens have been identified from this mite including Der f 1–3, 6, 7, 10, 11, 13–18, and 22. A native allergen protein (Der f 24, 90 kDa) was purified from D. farinae by gel filtration and anionic exchange liquid chromatography combined with IgE immunodetection. Its primary structure was determined by Edman degradation, mass spectrometry analysis and cDNA cloning. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay inhibition tests (ELISA-IT), immunoblots, basophil activation test (BAT) and skin prick test (SPT) were performed to evaluate the allergenicity. It was identified as an alpha (α)-actinin containing a CaM-like domain with EF-hand motifs. Der f 24 reacted to sera from 85.4% (35/41) of patients on western blot analysis. It reduced ∼20% sera IgE reactivity to D. farinae extracts on a competitive ELISA. Eighty percent (8/10) of patients with D. farinae allergy showed positive reactions to Der f 24 in skin prick test. The expression of CD63 on basophils from patients was up-regulated by Der f 24 by ∼5.4-fold. Alpha-actinin was identified as a new type of house dust mite allergen. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of α-actinin as an allergen.
Highlights
House dust mites (HDMs) are major sources of indoor allergens which induce asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis, and other allergic diseases [1,2]
Allergens from dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) have been intensively studied. 23 groups of allergens from dust mite have been listed in the (IUIS) nomenclature dataset, and 21 of them have been identified from Dermatophagoides spp
Most of allergens from house dust mites are in the molecular weight range of 14 to 60 kDa
Summary
House dust mites (HDMs) are major sources of indoor allergens which induce asthma, rhinitis, dermatitis, and other allergic diseases [1,2]. Many works have been conducted to understand the biological, chemical and structural properties of allergens from HDMs. Allergens from dust mites Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus and D. farinae (Acari: Pyroglyphidae) have been intensively studied. 23 groups of allergens from dust mite have been listed in the (IUIS) nomenclature dataset, and 21 of them have been identified from Dermatophagoides spp Two groups of mite allergens including group 1 (a 25 kDa cysteine protease) and group 2 (a 14 kDa epididymal protein) have been intensively studied. More than 80% of humans with HDM allergy mount an IgE response to the group 1 and more than 90% to the group 2 [3,4,5,6]
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