Abstract
Introduction: Extensive data from cell and animal studies suggest that alpha–1-adrenergic receptors (α1-ARs) play adaptive roles in the heart. α1-ARs exist as three distinct subtypes: A, B, and D. The mouse myocardium contains α1A and α1B and there is evidence that each subtype mediates separate beneficial pathways that protect against heart failure (HF). Very little is known about α1-AR subtype expression in the human heart. Hypothesis: This study tests the hypothesis that α1-AR abundance is maintained in the setting of HF.
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