Aloperine inhibits RANKL-induced osteoclast differentiation via suppressing the MAPK signaling pathways

Abstract

To figure out the molecular mechanism of aloperine (ALO) on receptor activator of nuclear factor (NF)-kappa-B (κb) ligand (RANKL)-caused osteoclast differentiation. The histopathological analysis and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) staining assays were applied to check the extent of bone loss of the femur. Then, the protein expressions of nitric oxide synthase 2, glutathione reductase, nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2, heme oxygenase-1, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase 1, and catalase were checked in RAW264.7, a macrophage cell line, by enzyme-linked-immunosorbent serologic assay and Western blot analysis. Further, the TRAP staining and quantitative polymerase chain reaction assay were applied to characterize the level of RAW264.7 osteoclast differentiation. Besides, Western blot assay was used to check the protein expressions of extracellular regulated protein kinases (ERK), c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), and P38 in RAW264.7. Finally, ERK activation blocker U0126 was used to inhibit mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway to determine the effect of MAPK signaling pathway on RAW264.7 osteoclast differentiation. In this study, the results demonstrated that ALO could inhibit lipopolysaccharide-induced bone loss in vivo in a dose-dependent manner, with significant inhibitory effects at high doses. Further research indicated that ALO could inhibit RANKL-induced oxidative stress and osteoclast differentiation of RAW264.7. Then, ALO could inactivate MAPK signaling pathway. Finally, the results showed that inhibition of MAPK signaling pathway could increase ALO inhibition of RANKL-caused osteoclast differentiation. ALO inhibits RANKL-caused osteoclast differentiation by suppressing the MAPK signaling pathways.