Abstract
Aloe vera plant offers a sustainable solution for the removal of various pollutants from water. Due to its chemical composition, Aloe vera has been explored as coagulant/flocculant and biosorbent for water treatment. Most of the used materials displayed significant pollutants removals depending on the used preparation methods. AV-based materials have been investigated and successfully used as coagulant/flocculant for water treatment at laboratory scale. Selected AV-based materials could reduce the solids (total suspended solids (TSS), suspended solids (SS), total dissolved solids (TDS), and dissolved solids (DS)), turbidity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), heavy metals, and color, with removal percentages varied depending on the coagulant/flocculant materials and on the wastewater characteristics. In the same context, AV materials can be used as biological flocculant for wastewater sludge treatment, allowing good solid–liquid separation and promoting sludge settling. Moreover, using different methods, AV material-based biosorbents were prepared and successfully used for pollutants (heavy metal dyes and phenol) elimination from water. Related results showed significant pollutant removal efficiency associated with an interesting adsorption capacity comparable to other biosorbents derived from natural products. Interestingly, the enzymatic system of Aloe vera (carboxypeptidase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase) has been exploited to degrade textile dyes. The obtained results showed high promise for removal efficiencies of various kinds of pollutants. However, results varied depending on the methodology used to prepare the Aloe vera based materials. Because of its valuable properties (composition, abundance, ecofriendly and biodegradable), Aloe vera may be useful for water treatment.
Highlights
Industrial development generates large amounts of polluted effluents
Aloe vera is an interesting plant that should be considered in water treatment
The use of Aloe vera (AV) materials in the coagulation/flocculation process for wastewater treatment has been verified at laboratory scale showing significant results in removing pollutants from water
Summary
Industrial development generates large amounts of polluted effluents. Released in the environment, pollutants damage the soil, the ground, and the surface water—leading to ecosystem degradation and causing health risks [1,2,3,4]. The literature reported the use of various methods to prepare AV-based materials These AV materials have been adopted for water treatment, and various wastewater quality parameters (TSS, SS, TDS, DS, turbidity, COD, BOD, heavy metals concentration, color, etc.) were evaluated to determine their efficiencies in removing pollutants. Experiments related to the use of AV materials in the coagulation/flocculation process for wastewater treatment showed the variability of the efficiencies in removing pollutants. This variability could be related mainly to the method used to prepare AV polymer and to the characteristics of the wastewaters. The wastewater characteristics considerably controlled the process efficiency, as reported for other materials [15,17,18,30,41]
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