Abstract
Alnus sibirica (AS) is distributed in Korea, Japan, China, and Russia and has reported anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory, and reducing activities on atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions, along with other beneficial health properties. In the present study, we tried to prove the cancer-preventive activity against prostate cancer. The extracted and isolated compounds, oregonin (1), hirsutenone (2), and hirsutanonol (3), which were isolated from AS, were tested for anti-proliferative activity. To do this, we used the MTT assay; NF-κB inhibitory activity, using Western blotting; apoptosis-inducing activity using flow cytometry; DNA methylation activity, using methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction in androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC-3) prostate cancer cell lines. The compounds (1–3) showed potent anti-proliferative activity against both prostate cancer cell lines. Hirsutenone (2) exhibited the strongest NF-κB inhibitory and apoptosis-inducing activities compared with oregonin (1) and hirsutanonol (3). DNA methylation activity, which was assessed for hirsutenone (2), revealed a concentration-dependent enhancement of the unmethylated DNA content and a reduction in the methylated DNA content in both PC-3 and LNCaP cells. Overall, these findings suggest that hirsutenone (2), when isolated from AS, may be a potential agent for preventing the development or progression of prostate cancer.
Highlights
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men and typically develops after the of age 65 years [1]
This was conducted through a series of experiments in order to determine their potential value of preventing PCa, which may contribute to the chemo-preventive effects exerted by these phytochemicals
MTT assay demonstrated that hirsutenone (2) had the most potent anti-proliferative activity (Table 1)
Summary
Prostate cancer (PCa) is one of the most common cancers in men and typically develops after the of age 65 years [1]. We reported cytotoxic activities of diarylheptanoids from the Alnus species on various human and mouse cancer cell lines. We evaluated the anti-proliferative activities and inhibitory activities on NF-κB, apoptosis and DNA methylation of three diarylheptanoids (1–3), isolated from AS on androgen-dependent (LNCaP) and androgen-independent (PC-3) prostate cancer cell lines. This was conducted through a series of experiments in order to determine their potential value of preventing PCa, which may contribute to the chemo-preventive effects exerted by these phytochemicals
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