Allylmetallation of benzoazaheterocycles with allylic derivatives of zinc. Synthesis of 1,4-ethano-2,3-dihydroisoquinolines and allylated heterocycles

Abstract

Allylmetallation of isoquinolines, quinoline, and quinoxaline with allylic derivatives of zinc was examined for the first time. A convenient procedure was discovered and developed for the synthesis of 1,4-ethano-2,3-dihydroisoquinolines based on the reactions of isoquinolines with allylic derivatives of zinc. This multistage process involves double allylmetallation of the heterocyclic ring followed by cyclization through intramolecular carbometallation of the C=C bond. The structures of three key derivatives of 1,4-ethano-2,3-dihydroisoquinoline were established by X-ray diffraction analysis. The reactions of quinoxaline with allyl- and methallylzinc bromide proceeded stereospecifically to form trans-2,3-diallylated 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroquinoxalines. Heating of quinoline with methallylzinc bromide in THF afforded 4-methallylquinoline in nearly quantitative yield. The initially formed 1,4-metallation product underwent aromatization through elimination of HZnBr.