Abstract
The taxonomy of the genus Hypostomus in the upper Rio Paraná basin presents some very complex issues. For this reason, an allozyme electrophoresis survey of 10 populations of Hypostomus from the Rio Corumbá basin was performed, revealing 25 loci from 14 enzyme systems. Allozyme data revealed diagnostic genetic markers for the four nominal species analyzed (Hypostomus ancistroides, H. iheringi, H. margaritifer, and H. regani) and for six possible undescribed species. The mean expected heterozygosity of the populations ranged from 0.009 in H. iheringi to 0.099 in Hypostomus sp. 4. The genetically most similar populations (I = 0.954) were H. iheringi and Hypostomus sp. 2; the most divergent (D = 0.839) were H. iheringi and H. ancistroides.
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