Abstract
The Ti–Ag alloy system is an important constituent of dental casting materials and metallic biomaterials with antibacterial functions. The binary Ti–Ag alloy system is characterized by flat liquidus lines with metastable liquid miscibility gaps in the phase diagram. The ternary Ti–Ag-based alloys with liquid phase separation (LPS) were designed based on the mixing enthalpy parameters, thermodynamic calculations using FactSage and Scientific Group Thermodata Europe (SGTE) database, and the predicted ground state diagrams constructed by the Materials Project. The LPS behavior in the ternary Ti–Ag–Nb alloy was investigated using the solidification microstructure analysis in arc-melted ingots and rapidly solidified melt-spun ribbons via trans-scale observations, combined with optical microscopy (OM), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) including electron probe micro analysis (EPMA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM). The solidification microstructures depended on the solidification processing in ternary Ti–Ag–Nb alloys; macroscopic phase-separated structures were observed in the arc-melted ingots, whereas fine Ag globules embedded in the Ti-based matrix were observed in the melt-spun ribbons.
Highlights
Liquid phase separation (LPS) is commonly observed in various metallic materials, including Ti-based alloys
The broad peak overlapping with the sharp peak of the FCC-Ag (111) was observed only in the Ti53.4 Ag33.3 Nb13.3 alloy, and the broad peak corresponding to the formation of the martensite phase in the Ti-Nb-rich phase [76,77,78,79,80]
This paper demonstrates that ternary Ti-based alloys with fine Ag phases can be fabricated by a casting process with liquid phase separation (LPS) as well as powder metallurgy [41]
Summary
Liquid phase separation (LPS) is commonly observed in various metallic materials, including Ti-based alloys. A number of binary Ti-rare earth alloy systems show a monolicic phase diagram with a liquid miscibility gap. In Ti-rare earth-based alloys (1), many binary alloy systems of Ti–Y [11], Ti–La [3,12], Ti–Ce [13], Ti–Pr [14], Ti–Nd [15], Ti–Gd [16], Ti–Dy [17], and Ti–Yb [18] exhibit a monolicic phase diagram with a liquid miscibility gap in the phase diagram. Focusing on the solidification microstructure of the Ti-rare earth-based immiscible alloys with LPS, fine metallic and/or oxide globules with dispersed microstructures have been observed [1,2,3,4,5,6]
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