Abstract
Exposure of high-temperature alloys to a low-P O2 oxidizing-sulfidizing environment above about 550 °C is often characterized by an initial period of protective oxidation followed by more rapid corrosion. This paper will provide a brief overview of alloy corrosion in oxidizing-sulfidizing atmospheres, with specific consideration given to the thermodynamic and kinetic aspects of the process, resulting modes of degradation, and alloy selection. The concept of a "critical microstructure" in the subsurface of the alloy as a prerequisite to initiating protective scale breakdown will also be discussed. The paper will conclude with a specific example of alloy development for the filtration of hot oxidizing-sulfidizing gases.
Highlights
There exist a number of high-temperature commercial processes which produce complex gaseous environments that can be both oxidizing and sulfidizing to the alloy components
The main aims of this review are to provide a brief treatment of the thermodynamics of oxidation-sulfidation processes and to highlight modes of degradation in relation to the thermodynamic treatment
The maximum temperature for long-term service of Materials Research metallic materials exposed to highly sulfidizing environments is generally considered to be 600-650 °C8. This is because the sulfidation rates of most of the major metallic constituents in conventional high-temperature alloys are generally 104–106 times higher than their oxidation rates, depending on temperature
Summary
There exist a number of high-temperature commercial processes which produce complex gaseous environments that can be both oxidizing and sulfidizing to the alloy components. The high-temperature corrosion of metals and alloys in oxidizing-sulfidizing environments has been reviewed by Gesmundo et al.[1], Stroosnijder and Quadakkers[2], Stringer[3], and Grabke et al.[4], to name a few. From these and other reviews[5,6,7] it can be generalized that important factors associated with oxidation-sulfidation include:. Commercial alloys that are used in sulfur-bearing atmospheres will be identified and a case study of alloy design for the filtration of hot (~850 °C) oxidizing-sulfidizing gases will be presented
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