Abstract
BackgroundPeriodontal disease in diabetic patients presents higher severity and prevalence; and increased severity of ligature-induced periodontal disease has been verified in diabetic rats. However, in absence of aggressive stimuli such as ligatures, the influence of diabetes on rat periodontal tissues is incompletely explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the establishment and progression of periodontal diseases in rats only with diabetes induction.Methodology/Principal FindingsDiabetes was induced in Wistar rats (n = 25) by intravenous administration of alloxan (42 mg/kg) and were analyzed at 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 months after diabetes induction. The hemimandibles were removed and submitted to radiographical and histopathological procedures. A significant reduction was observed in height of bone crest in diabetic animals at 3, 6, 9 and 12 months, which was associated with increased numbers of osteoclasts and inflammatory cells. The histopathological analyses of diabetic rats also showed a reduction in density of collagen fibers, fibroblasts and blood vessels. Severe caries were also detected in the diabetic group.Conclusions/SignificanceThe results demonstrate that diabetes induction triggers, or even co-induces the onset of alterations which are typical of periodontal diseases even in the absence of aggressive factors such as ligatures. Therefore, diabetes induction renders a previously resistant host into a susceptible phenotype, and hence diabetes can be considered a very important risk factor to the development of periodontal disease.
Highlights
Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease characterized by abnormal metabolic regulation of both glucose and lipids, resulting in hyperglicemia and hyperlipidemia [1,2]
Our data demonstrate that diabetic rats presented significant alveolar bone loss starting at 3 months after alloxan injection when compared to controls (Fig. 1)
The relationship between diabetes and periodontal disease in humans is widely reported [21,22]. It has been confirmed by experimental studies that diabetes increases the severity of periodontal disease induced by ligatures or bacterial inoculation [16,17,18]
Summary
Diabetes mellitus is a systemic disease characterized by abnormal metabolic regulation of both glucose and lipids, resulting in hyperglicemia and hyperlipidemia [1,2]. Histological studies demonstrated increased vessel wall thickening in gingival tissue of diabetic patients [6,10,11]. Periodontal disease in diabetic patients presents higher severity and prevalence; and increased severity of ligature-induced periodontal disease has been verified in diabetic rats. In absence of aggressive stimuli such as ligatures, the influence of diabetes on rat periodontal tissues is incompletely explored. The aim of this study was to evaluate the establishment and progression of periodontal diseases in rats only with diabetes induction. The histopathological analyses of diabetic rats showed a reduction in density of collagen fibers, fibroblasts and blood vessels. The results demonstrate that diabetes induction triggers, or even co-induces the onset of alterations which are typical of periodontal diseases even in the absence of aggressive factors such as ligatures. Diabetes induction renders a previously resistant host into a susceptible phenotype, and diabetes can be considered a very important risk factor to the development of periodontal disease
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