Allostatic overload in the medically ill patients: Results from an observational study

Abstract

The present study aimed at evaluating the prevalence of allostatic overload (AO) among subjects with different medical diseases and explore whether medically ill patients with or without AO differ for specific clinical features (i.e., co-occurring mental or psychosomatic disorders). An observational cross-sectional study was carried out. Outpatients with a diagnosis of blood cancer, systemic sclerosis, or migraine received a clinical assessment which included the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview or the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-5 and the Diagnostic Criteria for Psychosomatic Research-Revised Semi-Structured Interview (DCPR-R SSI). Four hundred and thirty-nine outpatients were enrolled. Among them, 39 (8.9%) had a diagnosis of blood cancer, 200 (45.5%) had a diagnosis of systemic sclerosis, and 200 (45.5%) had a diagnosis of migraine. A total of 104 (23.7%) patients had a DCPR-R diagnosis of AO. Patients with a diagnosis of blood cancer, migraine, or systemic sclerosis did not differ for DCPR-R AO prevalence (P = 0.082). Based on multiple regression analysis, medically ill patients with DCPR-R AO were more likely to satisfy the diagnosis of DCPR-R illness denial (odds ratio [OR] = 2.99, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.04 – 8.58), conversion symptoms (OR = 5.32, 95% CI = 1.16 – 24.38), or demoralization (OR = 2.57, 95% CI = 1.08 – 6.11) and a DSM-5 diagnosis of major depressive episode/disorder (OR = 1.90, 95% CI = 1.03 – 3.50), if compared to those without DCPR-R AO. DCPR-R AO is a clinically useful transdiagnostic feature potentially associated with other psychosomatic syndromes and mental disorders that may contribute to the disease burden and the poor global health conditions of medically ill patients.