Abstract
Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controller play an essential role in increasing the penetration level of renewable energy resources owing to their ability in continuously controlling the active and reactive power flow in the network. This paper presents a probabilistic multi-objective optimization approach to obtain the optimal sizes and locations of static var compensators (SVCs) and thyristor-controlled series capacitors (TCSCs) in a power transmission network with high penetration level of wind generation. The objective of the problem is to maximize the system loadability while minimizing the network power losses and the installation cost of the FACTS controllers. In this study, the uncertainties associated with wind power generation and the correlated load demand are considered. The uncertainties are handled in this work using the points estimation method. Moreover, the dynamic line ratings (DLRs) of the transmission lines are considered in this work. In this case, the maximum transmission capacity of transmission lines is estimated dynamically according to the weather conditions. Considering the DLRs or transmission lines is expected to avoid unrealistic congestion in the network, and hence, improve its loadability. The optimization problem is solved using the multi-objective teaching-learning based optimization (MO-TLBO) algorithm to find the best locations and ratings for the FACTS controllers. Additionally, a technique based on the fuzzy decision-making approach is employed to extract one of the Pareto optimal solutions as the best compromise. The proposed approach is applied on the modified IEEE 30-bus system. The numerical results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach and show that the maximum loadability limit of the study system increases when considering the DLR. This limit can be enhanced to 123.0% without FACTS controller and 137.0 %,130 % and 132.0% by SVC, TCSC and (SVC-TCSC) respectively.
Highlights
The current growth in demand for electricity and rising population of the world are forcing electric utilities to take benefit of renewable energy sources
The allocation of Flexible AC transmission system (FACTS) controllers is presented as an multi-objective problem (MOP)
The objective functions taken into consideration simultaneously in the study were the maximization of network loadability, the minimization of expected network losses, and the minimization of the FACTS controller installation cost
Summary
The current growth in demand for electricity and rising population of the world are forcing electric utilities to take benefit of renewable energy sources. This article will focus on the allocation problem of FACTS controllers while considering the DLR of transmission lines to improve the power system loadability in the presence of high penetration level of wind power. FACTS controller can be used to provide multiple services for the electric network This can be achieved by formulating a multi-objective optimization problem which considers both the economical and technical aspects [19]. The work presented in [20] used the gravitational search algorithm to allocate the FACTS controllers for improvement the loadability of transmission network, reducing the active power losses and operation cost for different loading conditions. This study introduces an approach based on multi-objective function for solving the FACTS devices allocation problem considering a high penetration level of wind energy and incorporating uncertainties in the wind generation output and electrical demand.
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