Allithiamine Alleviates Hyperglycaemia-Induced Endothelial Dysfunction.

Attila Biró,Gábor Szalóki,Gábor Fidler,Mónika Éva Fazekas,János Lukács,László Stündl,Judit Remenyik,Melinda Paholcsek,Arnold Markovics

doi:10.3390/nu12061690

Attila Biró, Gábor Szalóki + Show 7 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061690

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Journal: Nutrients	Publication Date: Jun 5, 2020
Citations: 11	License type: CC BY 4.0

Affiliation: University of Debrecen, Semmelweis University

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus-related morbidity and mortality is a rapidly growing healthcare problem, globally. Several nutraceuticals exhibit potency to target the pathogenesis of diabetes mellitus. The antidiabetic effects of compounds of garlic have been extensively studied, however, limited data are available on the biological effects of a certain garlic component, allithiamine. In this study, allithiamine was tested using human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) as a hyperglycaemic model. HUVECs were isolated by enzymatic digestion and characterized by flow cytometric analysis using antibodies against specific marker proteins including CD31, CD45, CD54, and CD106. The non-cytotoxic concentration of allithiamine was determined based on MTT, apoptosis, and necrosis assays. Subsequently, cells were divided into three groups: incubating with M199 medium as the control; or with 30 mMol/L glucose; or with 30 mMol/L glucose plus allithiamine. The effect of allithiamine on the levels of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs), activation of NF-κB, release of pro-inflammatory cytokines including IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α, and H2O2-induced oxidative stress was investigated. We found that in the hyperglycaemia-induced increase in the level of AGEs, pro-inflammatory changes were significantly suppressed by allithiamine. However, allithiamine could not enhance the activity of transketolase, but it exerts a potent antioxidant effect. Collectively, our data suggest that allithiamine could alleviate the hyperglycaemia-induced endothelial dysfunction due to its potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effect by a mechanism unrelated to the transketolase activity.

Highlights

In recent decades, several research have focused on the pharmacologically active, plant-derived compounds [1]
Since allithiamine is not commercially available and that isolation from the plant does not work in large amounts, chemically prepared and purified allithiamine was applied for our experiments
We found that up to 5 μg/mL allithiamine did not decrease the viability of human umbilical cord vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) in this time window

Summary

Introduction

Several research have focused on the pharmacologically active, plant-derived compounds [1]. Extensive research on physiological effects of nutraceuticals is expected to continue in the near future. A recently published review unequivocally declared that the ongoing discovery of naturally occurring drugs stands as a major contributor to cope with diseases, reaching high prevalence, globally [2]. Among plants having significant pharmacological activity, garlic (Allium sativum L.) is among the most studied ones [3]. Several studies have shown that garlic exerts antioxidant, antimicrobial [4], Nutrients 2020, 12, 1690; doi:10.3390/nu12061690 www.mdpi.com/journal/nutrients. The biological effects of garlic are mainly attributed to its characteristic organosulfur compounds, including alliin, allicin, ajoene, S-allylmercaptocystein, diallyl disulfide, and

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