Abstract
Objectives: Allicin is an allyl 2-propenethiosulfinate or diallyl thiosulfinate acid with cardioprotective effects in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. This study aims to examine the underlying mechanism by which Allicin protects against MI/R.Methods: C57BL6 mice were subjected to either sham or MI/R surgery, and mice in the Allicin group were injected with Allicin (5 mg/ml) before the induction of ischemia. The cardiac function and histopathology of experimental mice were evaluated by ultrasound quantification and Masson staining. We next measured the capillary angiogenesis of the peri-infarct area by Masson staining and immunohistochemical staining. The miRNA microarray was carried out to examine the expressed miRNAs in MI/R tissues and corresponding normal tissues. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (q-PCR) was performed to validate the selected miRNA-19α-3p gene expression. Besides, we evaluated the myocardial lactate dehydrogenase and COX-2 by immunofluorescence staining. The western blot analysis was used to evaluate the protein levels of p-AKT, p-PI3K, p-mTOR, COX-2, and VEGF protein in the Allicin and Model group. In vitro study, LPS stimulated Tie2 expressing macrophages were cultured in an ischemic buffer. We evaluated the accumulation of VEGF by fura-2/AM fluorescence. Besides, Western blotting was performed to examine the protein levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, VEGF, COX2, and MMP2. The PI3K inhibitor was applied to investigate whether Allicin-induced myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury protection is mediated via the PI3K/AKT pathway. And the miR-19α-3p mimic/inhibitor were transfected to promote/inhibit the expression of miR-19a-3p for verifying the regulation of miR-19a-3p on PI3K pathway.Results: Allicin pretreatment significantly improved I/R-induced cardiac function damage. Furthermore, Allicin could repress cardiac fibrosis, as evidenced by reduced areas of cardiac fibrosis. Allicin’s effect on the MI/R was associated with increased capillary angiogenesis. Microarray analysis exposed that miR-19a-3p down-regulated PIK3CA (PI3K) expression by directly targeting the PIK3CA gene. The regulation of the angiogenesis pathway and gene miRNA-19a-3p might affect the Allicin-induced MI/R protection. Immunofluorescence staining revealed that COX-2 and myocardial lactate dehydrogenase were significantly increased after Allicin treatment. Furthermore, western blot analysis demonstrated that p-AKT, p-PI3K, p-mTOR, COX-2, and VEGF protein levels were also increased in the Allicin group. In vitro study, the protein levels of p-PI3K, p-AKT, p-mTOR, VEGF, COX2, and MMP2 were significantly increased in the Allicin-treated Tie2 expressing macrophages. These effects were partially reversed by PI3K inhibitor (Wortmannin) treatment. MiR-19α-3p plays an important role in myocardial I/R injury. It could regulate the activity of the PI3K-AKT pathway. And inhibition of miR-19a-3p promoted angiogenesis by regulating PI3K/AKT pathway.Conclusions: Allicin pretreatment protects against myocardial I/R and activating the miR-19a-3p/PI3K/AKT pathway.
Highlights
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the leading causes of death and disability globally [1, 2]
Compared with the Model group, the Left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), LVFS, LVAW;d and LVAW;s were increased in the Allicin group, whereas LVID;s was decreased (*P < 0.05). (B) Masson staining demonstrated that the areas of cardiac fibrosis of the Model group mice were significantly increased compared with the Control group mice's hearts
We first observed the role of Allicin served in myocardial I/R injury mice models, which were ligated for 30 min and reperfusion for 180 min
Summary
Ischemic heart disease (IHD) is one of the leading causes of death and disability globally [1, 2]. Reinstating blood flow supply to ischemic myocardial could improve myocardial viability, reduce myocardial infarct size [4]. Notwithstanding, reinstating blood supply is often followed by reperfusion arrhythmia and myocardial stunning, known as myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury, which makes myocardial damage more serious by accelerating myocardial death, cardiac dysfunction, and ventricular remodeling [5]. Severe myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury can induce myocardial necrosis, cardiac dysfunction, myocardial infarction, and heart failure (HF) [6, 7]. The search for novel therapeutic strategies for MI/R is essential. In this context, we used an Allicin-based approach to investigate the underlying mechanism of MI/R injury to explore novel intervention strategies
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