Abstract
Background: The Fara-darmani Consciousness Field was founded by Mohammad Ali Taheri. It is a novel field and is described similarly to the field of gravity, or the electromagnetic field. This field is neither matter nor energy, and therefore does not possess a quantity. Even though there is no direct scientific evidence for the Consciousness Field, it is possible to investigate its effects on objects through controlled experiments. The aim of the present work was to study the alleviative effects of the Fara-darmani Consciousness Field on common wheat Triticum aestivum L. var Star under salt stress. Methods: Plants were grown under 0 mM NaCl (control) and 150 mM NaCl with or without the influence of Fara-darmani Consciousness Field for 3 weeks. Chlorophyll, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde (MDA) content and activity of antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD),polyphenol oxidase (PPO), and peroxidase (POX) were measured in all groups of plants. Results: In the salt-treated plants under the influence of the Fara-darmani Consciousness Field, the contents of total chlorophyll, as well as a and b chlorophyll forms, were elevated compared with the salt-treated plants without Fara-darmani CF (34.8%, 17.8%, and 169% respectively). Additionally, Fara-darmani increased H2O2 (57%) and the activity of SOD and PPO by 220% and 168%, respectively, under salinity compared with the salt-treated plants without Fara-darmani CF. MDA content and activity of peroxidase were decreased by 12.5% and 34%, respectively. Conclusion: These results suggest the Fara-darmani Consciousness Field as a qualitative intervention strategy to withstand salt stress in plants, by increasing the contents of chlorophyll, antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreasing MDA content under salinity.
Highlights
Most criticism about complementary therapy is the lack of scientific research
In this study, chlorophyll a and b, and total chlorophyll contents decreased remarkably under salinity conditions (Figure 1). This is supported by previous data reported in tomato plants (Al-aghabary et al, 2005) and wheat (Ashraf et al, 2002), where salt stress unfavorably affects chlorophyll content
The decrease in chlorophyll content might be due to the formation of Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) in salinity stress that leads to lipid peroxidation and damages thylakoid membranes (Mittler, 2002)
Summary
Most criticism about complementary therapy is the lack of scientific research. In order to be accepted, academic studies using different study designs are necessary. Plant growth is adversely affected by multiple environmental stresses, including biotic (e.g. fungi, bacteria, viruses, herbivores) and abiotic (e.g. low temperature, salt, drought, heavy metal toxicity) Among these the salination of arable land is one of the key factors that threatens the sustainability of the agricultural industry. It is well documented that plants that are exposed to biotic or abiotic stresses have biochemical changes that exert oxidative damage through Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) (Smirnoff, 1993). The Fara-darmani Consciousness Field was founded by Mohammad Ali Taheri It is a novel field and is described to the field of gravity, or the electromagnetic field. Conclusion: These results suggest the Fara-darmani Consciousness Field as a qualitative intervention strategy to withstand salt stress in plants, by increasing the contents of chlorophyll, antioxidant enzyme activities, and decreasing MDA content under salinity
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