Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the effect of nanoparticles and non-nanoparticles of titanium dioxide on germination indices of Echinacea under salinity stress. Experimental treatments included nano and bulk particles of titanium dioxide at concentrations of 0, 10, 50, 100 and 150 mg/l and salinity stress from NaCl at levels of 0, -3, -6 and -9 bar. The results showed that Echinacea is sensitive to high salinity stress levels (-6 and -9 bar). The use of nano and non-nano titanium dioxide treatment improved some traits under severe salinity stress. The germination percentage did not occur at salinity levels of -6 and -9 bar, but the addition of nano titanium dioxide with a concentration of 150 mg/l and 50 mg/l non-nano increased germination by 50.6%. Application of nano titanium dioxide increased the seedling weight in control by 1.28 mg to 4.26 mg in the treatment of 150 mg/l nanoparticles. The application of nano and bulk titanium dioxide could significantly reduce the negative effect of high salinity stress levels. This can be a valuable and hopeful solution to solve the problem of salinity stress in Echinacea.
Highlights
Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the chicory family (Asteraceae) and is native to the rocky areas, highlands and Atlantic plains of North America and Canada (Raman et al, 2004)
Effect of titanium dioxide on germination indices of Echinacea under salinity stress As shown in Table 2, the application of titanium dioxide treatment improved the germination per centage and rate and mean daily germination com pared to the control
All experimental treatments significantly positively affected shoot length, seedling weight, and root weight compared to the control
Summary
Echinacea (Echinacea purpurea) is a perennial herbaceous plant of the chicory family (Asteraceae) and is native to the rocky areas, highlands and Atlantic plains of North America and Canada (Raman et al, 2004). The most important medicinal property of this plant, a selected plant of the World Health Organization, is to strengthen the immune system (Sun et al, 1999). This plant contains valuable active ingredients such as flavonoid compounds, alkaloids and chicoric acid (Sandra, 2004). Using new technologies to eliminate and reduce the effects of salinity stress on plants is inevitable. By taking advantage of nanotechnology as an emerging advanced technol ogy in the agricultural sector, desirable results can be achieved, including ensuring food security and the development of sustainable and environmentally friendly agriculture in developing countries and regions of the world (Kamali et al, 2018)
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