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Abstract
BackgroundHydroxyl radical that has the highest reactivity among reactive oxygen species (ROS) is generated through l-tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction. Thus, the melanogenesis might induce oxidative stress in the skin. Arbutin (p-hydroxyphenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside), a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor has been widely used for the purpose of skin whitening. The aim of the present study was to examine if arbutin could suppress the hydroxyl radical generation via tyrosinase reaction with its substrates, l-tyrosine and l-DOPA.ResultsThe hydroxyl radical, which was determined by an electron spin resonance-spin trapping technique, was generated by the addition of not only l-tyrosine but l-DOPA to tyrosinase in a concentration dependent manner. Arbutin could inhibit the hydroxyl radical generation in the both reactions.ConclusionIt is presumed that arbutin could alleviate oxidative stress derived from the melanogenic pathway in the skin in addition to its function as a whitening agent in cosmetics.
Highlights
Hydroxyl radical that has the highest reactivity among reactive oxygen species (ROS) is generated through L-tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction
Typical electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrum was assigned to 5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline Noxide (DMPO)-OH, a spin adduct derived from hydroxyl radical as reported in a previous study [19], and signal intensity of DMPO increased with the concentrations of L
Arbutin clearly lowered the signal intensity of DMPO-OH, suggesting that generation of hydroxyl radicals via L-tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction was inhibited by arbutin in a concentration dependent manner, and IC50 calculated by using an approximate formula was 1.7 mM
Summary
Hydroxyl radical that has the highest reactivity among reactive oxygen species (ROS) is generated through L-tyrosine-tyrosinase reaction. Arbutin (p-hydroxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside), a well-known tyrosinase inhibitor has been widely used for the purpose of skin whitening. The aim of the present study was to examine if arbutin could suppress the hydroxyl radical generation via tyrosinase reaction with its substrates, L-tyrosine and L-DOPA. Tyrosinase, an enzyme which contains dinuclear copper ions at the active site [15,16,17], catalyzes two distinct reactions of melanin synthesis [18], the hydroxylation of a monophenol and the conversion of an o-diphenol to the corresponding o-quinone, indicating that L-tyrosine is Arbutin (p-hydroxyphenyl-β-D-glucopyranoside), a wellknown tyrosinase inhibitor, which can be extracted from plants, has been widely used for the purpose of skin whitening [20]. It was reported that arbutin has anti-inflammatory effect [24], it is expected that arbutin could alleviate inflammation in the skin exposed to ultraviolet (UV) light
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