Allergic to Breastfeeding

Abstract

Breastmilk has been shown to be the optimal source of infant nutrition, and it positively affects maternal–infant bonding. However, in very rare cases, breastfeeding may be detrimental to the mother’s health. Only five case reports have been published on severe allergic reactions associated with breastfeeding that resulted in anaphylaxis within 72 hours after birth. Within 48 hours of birth, a 25-year-old woman developed swelling of face and lips while breastfeeding. Her symptoms included severe periorbital edema, a maculopapular rash on her abdomen, swelling of lips, and hives immediately after breastfeeding. She complained of shortness of breath after she experienced a let-down reflex and was immediately treated with oral steroids and diphenhydramine. After consultation with a hospitalist and rapid response team nurse, allergies to other medications were ruled out. Breastfeeding was discontinued because of the increasing severity of symptoms. In three previously reported cases, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, including ibuprofen, were administered and may have been a contributing factor in the development of this allergic reaction. The presumed pathogenesis of this rare condition may be a culmination of normal physiologic hormonal changes essential for lactogenesis, but it is rare that instances trigger an exaggerated histamine response. Although rare, severe allergic reactions associated with breastfeeding may occur in the hospital setting. Nurses who care for women who are breastfeeding should be aware of this condition and be alert for signs, symptoms, and contributing factors that may trigger this rare response.