Allergic rhinitis in preschool children: clinical and allergological characteristics and comorbidity

Abstract

Summary. The problem of allergic rhinitis in children is important in clinical pediatrics, which is associated with a significant increase in the prevalence, early onset and diversity of clinical manifestations of the disease, reminiscent of infectious rhinitis, and therefore causes serious underdiagnosis, untimely and inadequate highrisk therapy. development of complications and evolution into bronchial asthma. The aim of the study was to study the clinical and allergic features of allergic rhinitis in preschool children, both isolated and combined with asthma and atopic dermatitis at their request to an allergist in the Consultative Diagnostic Clinic (CPC) NDSL "OKHMATDIT". Materials and methods. Clinical and anamnestic data, objective examination, oto- and rhinoscopy, general clinical examinations, determination of serum immunoglobulin E, skin prick-tests with allergens, consultation with an otolaryngologist were subject to analysis. The article presents modern views on the problem of allergic rhinitis in preschool children. The analysis of clinical and allergic characteristics, in particular, describes the most common clinical symptoms and their severity, family history, laboratory parameters, such as total immunoglobulin E in peripheral blood, skin tests. Based on our own data, the early incidence of allergic rhinitis in preschool children, including the first years of life and its high comorbidity with other allergic diseases, including bronchial asthma, atopic dermatitis, urticaria, etc. has been demonstrated. According to the results of rotational tests - in 30% of patients polyvalent sensitization was detected. Despite the age of the examined children (feature-reduced skin sensitivity) - the percentage of positive results was sufficient. Family allergy history was burdened in all patients, mostly asthma in one parent. All children had high levels of total serum immunoglobulin E. Thus, there is an early onset of allergic manifestations and high sensitization of young children to the most common allergens. The issue of early detection of AR is extremely important to study among the preschool population, due to the need for early detection of people prone to asthma, to achieve better control of the disease and prevent severe disease, complications and early disability of children.