Allergic reactions to bioimplants

Abstract

Bioimplants are used in avariety of ways in otorhinolaryngology, most commonly in facial reconstructive surgery, cochlear implants (CI), bone-anchored hearing aids, and partial/total ossicular replacement prostheses (PORP/TORP), but also for tympanic drainage, laryngeal cannula, voice prostheses after laryngectomy, etc., and in otorhinolaryngology-related procedures as dental implants in dentistry. Aliterature search was performed to analyze the immunology of allergic reactions to bioimplants and to determine the available evidence by searching Medline, PubMed, and national and international study and guideline registries and the Cochrane Library. Human studies published in the period up to and including 12/2021 were considered. Based on the international literature and previous experience, areview of allergies to bioimplants in otolaryngology is presented. Otorhinolaryngologists should always consider the possibility of allergic reactions when inserting allogeneic materials, particularly, but not only, when using bioimplants.