Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases is regarded as one of the key challenges in health worldwide. Although the precise mechanisms underlying this rapid increase in prevalence are unknown, emerging evidence suggests that genetic and environmental factors play a significant role. The immune system, microbiota, viruses, and bacteria have all been linked to the onset of allergy disorders in recent years. Avoiding allergen exposure is the best treatment option; however, steroids, antihistamines, and other symptom-relieving drugs are also used. Allergen bioinformatics encompasses both computational tools/methods and allergen-related data resources for managing, archiving, and analyzing allergological data. This study highlights allergy-promoting mechanisms, algorithms, and concepts in allergen bioinformatics, as well as major areas for future research in the field of allergology.
Highlights
Allergies are chronic, inflammatory disorders with aberrant immune reactions to certain environmental chemicals, which are called allergens
Recognizing allergy risk factors is critical for identifying modifiable factors and individuals who may benefit from preventive measures
These ILs act on B cells, causing them to switch to the Ig class E (IgE)
Summary
Inflammatory disorders with aberrant immune reactions to certain environmental chemicals, which are called allergens. Allergies were used to describe a wide range of inappropriate inflammatory hyper-immune sensitive reactions. An allergic IgE mediated mechanism was later discovered to disproportionately activate specific immune system cells and to release inflammatory mediators [8]. Public Health 2021, 18, 12105 was referred to as “allergy” in this classification system This features the rapid onset of hypersensitivity or allergy symptoms and develops reactions within less than 20 min after allergic exposure. Kimishige Ishizaka and his colleagues originally found out in 1960 that the antibody class IgE mediates type I allergic hypersensitivity. The IgE, known as regenic antibody or allergic antibody, was the key immunological component that might cause atopy or allergy in immune-compromised people [12]. This article will provide an overview of the risk factors and treatment for allergy disorders, as well as the allergy-promoting mechanism of viruses and bacteria and the role of allergen bioinformatics approaches in overcoming this problem
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