Allergic contact reactions in health personnel

Abstract

Increasing numbers of physicians, nurses, and dentists are becoming allergic to rubber (latex) gloves because of the increase in the use of such gloves with the advent of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). Seven percent of such personnel now acquire a delayed allergic, eczematous contact dermatitis, whereas 3% show an immediate allergic urticarial reaction to the aqueous protein fraction of latex obtained from the rubber tree Heveu brasiliensis. This urticarial reaction may be accompanied by anaphylaxis. Sensitized individuals give positive scratch and prick skin tests and in vitro positive RAST and IgE reactions. Iatrogenic and intraoperative contact urticaria and anaphylaxis as a result of patients reacting to rubber gloves worn by physicians and surgeons are being reported with more frequency. In March of 1991 the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) alerted health care professionals about the potential of severe allergic reactions to medical devices made of latex. These include surgical and examination gloves, catheters, intubation tubes, anesthesia masks, and dental dams. Individuals sensitive to rubber are also allergic to rubber condoms. Hospital personnel and patients sensi-