Allergenicity of airborne basidiospores and ascospores: need for further studies

Abstract

Many known fungal species are grouped among basidiomycetes and ascomycetes. Active mechanisms of spore release into air currents are among the main features of these fungi. Aerobiological studies have described their presence in many regions worldwide. In some areas, fungi have been described as the predominant outdoor airborne biological particulate with much higher concentrations than pollen. Other studies have determined that among the fungal aerospora, the highest concentrations belong to basidiospores and ascospores. Nevertheless, the allergenic potential of spores from basidiomycetes and meiotic forms of ascomycetes has not been studied to the extent of mitosporic fungi and allergens from other sources. The need to further evaluate the role of basidiomycetes and meiotic ascomycetes in allergies is evidenced by the few genera with characterized allergens and limited studies that had demonstrated levels of sensitization similar or higher to that of mitosporic fungi and other allergens. In this review, based on the existing aerobiological, epidemiological, immunological, and molecular biology studies, we provide evidence that the role of basidiomycetes and ascomycetes deserves more attention with respect to their roles as potential aeroallergens.