Abstract
Euroglyphus maynei is a house dust mite commonly found in homes worldwide and is the source of allergens that sensitize and induce allergic reactions in humans. It is the source of species-specific allergens as well as allergens that are cross-reactive with the allergens from house dust mites Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus, and the ectoparasitic scabies mite Sarcoptes scabiei. The genomics, proteomics and molecular biology of E. maynei and its allergens have not been as extensively investigated as those of D. farinae, D. pteronyssinus, and S. scabiei where natural and recombinant allergens from these species have been characterized. Until now, little was known about the genome of E. maynei and it allergens but this information will be important for producing recombinant allergens for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes and for understanding the allergic response mechanism by immune effector cells that mediate the allergic reaction. We sequenced and assembled the 59 Mb E. maynei genome to aid the identification of homologs for known allergenic proteins. The predicted proteome shared orthologs with D. farinae and S. scabiei, and included proteins with homology to more than 30 different groups of allergens. However, the majority of allergen candidates could not be assigned as clear orthologs to known mite allergens. The genomic sequence data, predicted proteome, and allergen homologs identified from E. maynei provide insight into the relationships among astigmatid mites and their allergens, which should allow for the development of improved diagnostics and immunotherapy.
Highlights
The allergy-causing house dust mite, Euroglyphus maynei occurs in homes worldwide [1,2,3,4]
We anticipated that genes that were not interrupted by repetitive elements or that did not possess gross allelic variation within the population would be able to be assembled from the sequence data
We clearly demonstrated that simple sequence repeats (SSR) are Euroglyphus maynei genome more frequent in the genomes of astigmatid mites than they are in the genomes of ticks and other non-astigmatid mites whose genomes are larger
Summary
The allergy-causing house dust mite, Euroglyphus maynei occurs in homes worldwide [1,2,3,4]. It appears to be more common in homes in Europe and in the United Kingdom than in homes in the United States. E. maynei is less frequently found in homes than Dermatophagoides farinae and D. pteronyssinus. It usually co-inhabits homes with D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus and sometimes it is the most numerous of the three species or the only species found [5]. E. maynei is phylogenetically closely related to the common house dust mites, D. farinae and D. pteronyssinus and to the itch mite, Sarcoptes scabiei. E. maynei is an astigmatid mite and belongs to the suborder Oribata, infraorder Desmonomata and family Pyroglyphidae along with the Dermatophagoides spp [6,7]
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