Allelopathy, toxicity and phytochemical profile of aqueous extracts from Aspidosperma pyrifolium and Combretum leprosum

José Carlos Da Silveira Pereira,Salvador Barros Torres,Juliana Rocha Vaez,Patrícia Lígia Dantas De Morais,Marcos Antonio Nobrega De Sousa,Karina Maia Paiva,Tallyson Nogueira Barbosa,Naama Jessica De Assis Melo

doi:10.33448/rsd-v10i4.14568

Abstract

This study characterizes the allelopathic effect in the germination of Allium cepa seeds, and toxic on the species Artemia salina, of aqueous extracts of leaves of Aspidosperma pyrifolium and Combretum leprosum and the constituent phytochemical compositions. For this, Allium cepa seeds were germinated in systems containing aqueous extracts (200, 400 and 800 mg.L-1) and distilled water, to evaluate aspects of germination, mitotic phases, mitotic index and limit value of cytotoxicity. The toxicity of the aqueous extracts was evaluated in Artemia salina. The extracts were evaluated qualitatively and quantitatively when the substances present to define the phytochemical profile. The aqueous extract of A. pyrifolium negatively affects the germination process in the hypocotyl and seedling growth at 800 mg.L-1. The LC50 found for the aqueous extract of A. pyrifolium was 4986 mg.L-1. The effect of C. leprosum extract on germination resulted in an increase in the dry matter of the root at 400 mg.L-1 and in the density of the dry matter of the root at 800 mg.L-1. In addition, it reduces the seedling matter at 200 mg.L-1, corresponding to the trend observed in the mitotic index, in which this concentration presented a sublethal score for the limit value of cytotoxicity. The maximum concentration evaluated was not sufficient to determine an LC50 in A. salina. The phytochemical profiles of both species demonstrated classes of substances with potential pharmacological application. This information is important because these species are commonly used as food for farm animals and for purposes in folk medicine.

Highlights

The dissemination of the therapeutic characteristics of plants is mainly due to popular observations of the use and effectiveness of these plants, even without the knowledge of their chemical constituents
It can be stated that the extracts did not have allelopathic effects on germination, as all treatments had similar results and indiscriminately showed high germination percentage at the beginning of the test, about 70% of seeds germinated on the third day, reaching the summit between the fifth and sixth day
Similar results of this work were described by Borges et al (2011), which found no allelopathic effect of aqueous extracts of castor seeds on the germination of seeds of A. cepa

Summary

Introduction

The dissemination of the therapeutic characteristics of plants is mainly due to popular observations of the use and effectiveness of these plants, even without the knowledge of their chemical constituents. The germination test with vegetables is a model widely used to assess the potential allelochemical of extract or isolated substances, so that when a compound interferes with the cellular metabolism, for example, include reduced germination index; seeds darkened and swollen; reduced root or radicle and shoot or coleoptile extension; swelling or necrosis of root tips; curling of the root axis; discoloration, lack of root hairs; increased number of seminal roots; reduced dry weight accumulation; and lowered reproductive capacity They can reveal its toxic and/or cytotoxic action (Bhadoria, 2011; Luz et al, 2012)

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