Abstract
BackgroundAllelopathy is an alternative safe strategy for chemical herbicides in controlling weeds. So, two successive greenhouse experiments were conducted to determine the phytotoxicity of pea seed powder on two weeds chard- (broad leaf) and canary grass (grass weed)-infested wheat. Pea seed powder was added to the soil surface at successive rates 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g/pot. The pots were cultivated on time (at sowing application) or 1 week after the addition of the pea seed powder.ResultsThe results indicated that the pea seed powder at 100 g/pot controlled more than 70–80% of both weeds in comparison to the corresponding controls. On the other hand, the inhibitory effect of the pea seed powder on weeds was accompanied by increases in the growth as well as photosynthetic pigments content and consequently wheat yield especially at 80 g/pot.ConclusionThis study suggested that the pea seed powder has allelopathic and phytotoxic effects that controlled investigated weeds in wheat. Analysis of the allelopathic pea seed powder at the applied rates revealed the presence of phenolic compounds and flavonoids. Both allelopathic compounds showed high levels with increasing the pea seed powder rate. The mixing of pea seed powder with the soil surface at 80 g/pot 1 week before sowing was the most efficient treatment in controlling weeds under investigation that consequently achieved the highest wheat yield.
Highlights
Allelopathy is an alternative safe strategy for chemical herbicides in controlling weeds
Great suppression in the two-weed growth was obtained by different rates of pea seed powder especially in pots contained soil mixed with 100 g/pot with significant different between the mean values (B)
The results indicated that the difference between at sowing and 1 week before sowing applications of pea seed powder was significant in spike length, number of spikelets/spike
Summary
Allelopathy is an alternative safe strategy for chemical herbicides in controlling weeds. Pea seed powder was added to the soil surface at successive rates 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 g/pot. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is one of the most important crops in the world. It is considered as the main source of food in Egypt. Weeds are the most important class of pests that interfere with crop plants through competition resulting in direct loss to quantity and quality of the yield (Khaliq et al 2011). It was reported that grassy and broad-leaved weeds caused 48–65% yield loss in wheat (Khan and Haq 2002; El-Rokiek et al 2014). Recent studies found that allelopathy can be considered as an important mechanism of plant invasions (El-Rokiek et al 2018). Allelopathic plants release secondary metabolites to the surrounding environment in a phenomenon called allelopathy (Sbai et al 2016)
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