Abstract
瓜列当给瓜类等经济作物造成较大危害。本研究采用盆栽4个推广马铃薯品种"夏波蒂"、"青薯168"、"冀张薯5号"和"克新1号", 以不同生长时期(幼苗期、开花期和结薯期)马铃薯根际土、根系和地上部的浸提液(甲醇和水)刺激瓜列当种子萌发, 根据发芽率来判定其对瓜列当化感作用的强弱, 同时筛选刺激瓜列当发芽率高的品种用于列当杂草的防除。结果表明, 马铃薯能刺激瓜列当种子萌发; 不同马铃薯品种对瓜列当的化感作用各有差异, 随着马铃薯的生长, 根际土中化感物质积累不断升高, 根系化感作用逐渐减弱, 而地上部化感作用逐渐增强。甲醇浸提液刺激瓜列当种子发芽率高于水浸提液, 即甲醇浸提化感作用效果较好。"夏波蒂"根系甲醇浸提液刺激瓜列当种子的发芽率在幼苗期最高, 为48.5%; 而地上部甲醇浸提液处理的发芽率在结薯期最高, 为51.2%。可以在瓜列当危害的农田轮作"夏波蒂"5~8年, 同时采用马铃薯秸秆还田来减少土壤中瓜列当种子库, 达到防除瓜列当危害的目的。
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