Abstract
To make better use of global germplasm resources for improving the eating quality of hybrid rice, using the resequencing data from the 3,000 rice genomes project (3K RGP), the allelic variations of the rice Wx locus were analysed. With the exception of five rare alleles discovered for the first time in our study, most of these alleles were known alleles of Wx. Furthermore, a set of Kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) markers based on these Wx alleles have been developed, and thirty-six main parents of hybrid rice from 1976 to 2018 were selected for Wx genotyping. The results showed that only three Wx alleles existed in the main parents of hybrids, and the allelic combination of the hybrids changed from Wxa/Wxb and Wxlv/Wxb to Wxb/Wxb with the development of hybrid rice. Wxb is widely used in the male parents of hybrid rice. Wxa and Wxlv were used in the female parents of early hybrid rice, and they were gradually replaced by Wxb. In the future, more favourable Wx alleles from cultivated rice should be identified, introduced, and effectively used to improve hybrid rice quality.
Highlights
Rice is one of the most important crops with the great success in heterosis applications
Using the coding sequence (CDS) of Nipponbare as a reference, allelic variations in the coding region of the Wx gene were analysed according to the 3K RGP sequencing data
By analysing the crystal structure of granule-bound starch synthase (OsGBSS1), we found that Glu410Gly (Ex10+101) is located in the active centre of the enzyme, next to the ligand ADP of OsGBSS1, while the remaining four mutation sites were located at a distance from the active centre (Fig 3B)
Summary
Rice is one of the most important crops with the great success in heterosis applications. Considerable attention has been given to improve yield in hybrid rice. Research on rice quality started fairly late in China, especially in southern areas. With the improvement in the standard of living, consumers are more concerned about rice quality. Over the past 15 years, the quality traits of indica hybrid rice have improved to a certain extent. Further improvements are still required to make hybrid rice comparable to high-quality conventional rice, especially in terms of eating quality [1,2]. As many widely used hybrid parents are derived from the same basic materials, the genetic polymorphisms in hybrid rice may be relatively low [3]. An improved understanding the diversity of genes associated with eating quality in cultivated rice and hybrid rice is needed for improving the quality of hybrids
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