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Abstract
Recently the TaMYC1 gene encoding bHLH transcription factor has been isolated from the bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genome and shown to co-locate with the Pp3 gene conferring purple pericarp color. As a functional evidence of TaMYC1 and Pp3 being the same, higher transcriptional activity of the TaMYC1 gene in colored pericarp compared to uncolored one has been demonstrated. In the current study, we present additional strong evidences of TaMYC1 to be a synonym of Pp3. Furthermore, we have found differences between dominant and recessive Pp3(TaMyc1) alleles. Light enhancement of TaMYC1 transcription was paralleled with increased AP accumulation only in purple-grain wheat. Coexpression of TaMYC1 and the maize MYB TF gene ZmC1 induced AP accumulation in the coleoptile of white-grain wheat. Suppression of TaMYC1 significantly reduced AP content in purple grains. Two distinct TaMYC1 alleles (TaMYC1p and TaMYC1w) were isolated from purple- and white-grained wheat, respectively. A unique, compound cis-acting regulatory element had six copies in the promoter of TaMYC1p, but was present only once in TaMYC1w. Analysis of recombinant inbred lines showed that TaMYC1p was necessary but not sufficient for AP accumulation in the pericarp tissues. Examination of larger sets of germplasm lines indicated that the evolution of purple pericarp in tetraploid wheat was accompanied by the presence of TaMYC1p. Our findings may promote more systematic basic and applied studies of anthocyanins in common wheat and related Triticeae crops.
Highlights
Anthocyanin pigments (APs) constitute an important class of secondary metabolites synthesized by most plants
Based on the information above, the main objectives of this work were to examine if TaMYC1 may regulate anthocyanin biosynthesis in purple pericarp and to characterize the TaMYC1 alleles from purple- and white-grained wheat, respectively
By combining molecular and genetic investigations, we found that manipulation of TaMYC1 expression directly affected anthocyanin biosynthesis
Summary
Anthocyanin pigments (APs) constitute an important class of secondary metabolites synthesized by most plants. They are responsible for the pigmentation of different types of plant organs, and function as attractors for the vectors of pollens and seeds (Joaquin-Cruz et al, 2015). TaMYC1 Involve Purple Pericarp Formation high light, low temperature, high salinity, and/or drought stress, generally induce AP accumulation (Jayalakshmi et al, 2012). Durum, 2n = 4x = 28, AABB) crops, APs accumulated in the grains represent a valuable source of dietary bioactive materials in the functional food industry (Li et al, 2007; Khlestkina et al, 2011; Revanappa and Salimath, 2011)
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