Allatostatin-like immunoreactivity in the stomatogastric nervous system and the pericardial organs of the crabCancer pagurus, the lobster Homarus americanus, and the crayfishCherax destructor andProcambarus clarkii

Abstract

The distribution of allatostatin (AST)-like immunoreactivity was studied in the stomatogastric nervous system (STNS) and the neurosecretory pericardial organs (PO) of four decapod crustacean species by using wholemount immunocytochemical techniques and confocal microscopy. AST-like immunoreactivity was found within the STNS of all four species; its distribution in each was unique. In all four species, AST-like immunoreactivity was present in the paired commissural ganglia (CoG), in the esophageal ganglion (OG), in the stomatogastric ganglion (STG), and in their connecting nerves. Within the CoGs, numerous cell bodies and neuropil were stained. In the OG, two cell bodies were immunoreactive, although their branching pattern varies between species. In the STG of C. pagurus and H. americanus, neuropil was stained extensively, but no labeled cell bodies were found. Surprisingly, in C. destructor and P. clarkii, cell bodies were stained in the STG, one brightly stained cell body in both species and an additional two to five weakly stained cell bodies in P. clarkii. In all four species, stained gastropyloric receptor cells were present. In contrast to the variable staining within the STNS, all four species have a similar pattern of AST-like immunoreactivity within the PO. Only in C. destructor, AST-immunoreactive varicosities occur on the surface of the circumesophageal connectives and on the postesophageal commissure and suggest another neurohaemal source for AST-like peptides in this species. The pattern of this staining suggests that AST-like peptides are likely utilized as both neurohormones and as neuromodulators in the STNS of decapod crustacea.