Abstract

After the detection of gravitational waves from compact binary coalescences, the search for transient gravitational-wave signals with less well-defined waveforms for which matched filtering is not well suited is one of the frontiers for gravitational-wave astronomy. Broadly classified into “short” ≲1 s and “long” ≳1 s duration signals, these signals are expected from a variety of astrophysical processes, including non-axisymmetric deformations in magnetars or eccentric binary black hole coalescences. In this work, we present a search for long-duration gravitational-wave transients from Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo’s third observing run from April 2019 to March 2020. For this search, we use minimal assumptions for the sky location, event time, waveform morphology, and duration of the source. The search covers the range of 2–500 s in duration and a frequency band of 24–2048 Hz. We find no significant triggers within this parameter space; we report sensitivity limits on the signal strength of gravitational waves characterized by the root-sum-square amplitude hrss as a function of waveform morphology. These hrss limits improve upon the results from the second observing run by an average factor of 1.8.Received 30 July 2021Accepted 4 October 2021DOI:https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.102001© 2021 American Physical SocietyPhysics Subject Headings (PhySH)Research AreasAstrophysical studies of gravityGravitational wave detectionGravitational wave sourcesGravitational wavesGravitation, Cosmology & Astrophysics

Highlights

  • The third observing run of the Advanced LIGO [1] and Advanced Virgo [2] detectors has revealed a large number of new gravitational-wave (GW) signals from the collision of compact objects

  • Searches for “long” ≳1 s duration signals cover a variety of astrophysical phenomena [11]

  • While well-modeled compact binary coalescences can have similar durations in the sensitive band of the interferometers and the methods employed in this paper are sensitive to them, this search is not aimed at these systems as matched filtering is much more sensitive

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

The third observing run of the Advanced LIGO [1] and Advanced Virgo [2] detectors has revealed a large number of new gravitational-wave (GW) signals from the collision of compact objects. While well-modeled compact binary coalescences can have similar durations in the sensitive band of the interferometers and the methods employed in this paper are sensitive to them, this search is not aimed at these systems as matched filtering is much more sensitive. Plausible processes include fallback accretion onto a rapidly rotating black hole [12] or in newborn neutron stars [13,14,15]. Due to the significant difference in detector alignment and sensitivities, the Virgo data in the analysis would not improve the coincidence selection when the other two detectors are active, while the high rate of nonGaussian noise would increase the overall false-alarm rate. Since some time segments are too short to be processed by search pipelines, a small fraction (< 2%) of this coincident data is not analyzed

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