Abstract
The vertiginous development of science in the last decade, in several different fields such as nanoscience, neurosciences, artificial intelligence, and the promise of the quantum computer in the near future, requires constant reflection from scientists, philosophers, and epistemologists about the profound implications of this in these different fields of knowledge and for society. This paper aims to raise some ideas that can help in this reflection and show that all scientific areas are interconnected, implying that the results obtained in the technological areas depend on other sciences and even on philosophy by the very nature of scientific knowledge. Furthermore, the established separation of disciplines, which is made by universities, placing human sciences on one side and exact sciences on the other, is questionable and insufficient to account for the complexity in the classification of sciences. It needs further epistemological deepening.
Highlights
It is necessary to recognize that it is not an easy task to classify the entire field of scientific knowledge
This paper aims to raise some ideas that can help in this reflection and show that all scientific areas are interconnected, implying that the results obtained in the technological areas depend on other sciences and even on philosophy by the very nature of scientific knowledge
The basis of the classification is problematic precisely when the subject’s actions start to interfere in the desired result, which is the case of the humanities (Oliveira, 2013). This form of classification presents a greater problem when we look at scientific development from a historical point of view greatly weakening the classification of the sciences in the field of the so-called “exact sciences”, denouncing accuracy as a completely inappropriate term
Summary
It is necessary to recognize that it is not an easy task to classify the entire field of scientific knowledge. Any classification of the sciences must necessarily contemplate their development (Lefebvre, 2002), the processes of unification of different fields, and the emergence of new ones, as well as to correctly fitting in areas that are in the interfaces and that raise doubt about their best positioning. The first system for the classification of the sciences was proposed by Aristotle (384 BC-322 BC) He divided them into three different types: productive sciences, concerned with some type of manufacturing; practical sciences, which used knowledge for action or some purpose or utility; and theoretical sciences, which sought knowledge through knowledge, regardless of any purpose or utility. We will show that the results in the technological field are dependent on the scientific development of the humanities and philosophy
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