Abstract
AbstractThe fabrication and characterization of green, flexible, and ultra‐thin supercapacitors that are able to operate above 1.5 V is reported, using an all‐printed fabrication process. The devices are produced by aqueous spray casting of a natural‐derived electrolyte ionogel composed by 2‐hydroxyethyl cellulose and by the ionic liquid choline lactate, while the electrodes are composed of highly porous nanostructured carbon films deposited by supersonic cluster beam deposition (SCBD). The obtained supercapacitors (device thickness < 10 μm) are stable to bending and they possess power values up to 120 kW kg–1. The combination of aqueous spray casting and SCBD constitutes a versatile, scalable, and eco‐friendly fabrication process able to directly print interconnected elements suitable for transient electronic systems.
Highlights
Thicker electrodes led to an increase in the double-layer capacitance without changing the area on the substrate and the best candidate is represented by CL70%-C400, reaching maximum values of 0.36 μWh cm–2 and 2.4 mW cm–2
This work demonstrates the fabrication and characterization of natural-derived flexible and ultra-thin micro-supercapacitors able to operate at 1.6 V and obtained with a few-step all-printed automated fabrication process. 2-hydroxyethyl cellulose and choline lactate constitute the ionogel electrolyte, obtained with a water-based spray casting technique
Complex structures consisting of supercapacitors in series and in parallel can be directly obtained with no need of subsequent electrical wiring
Summary
Eco-friendly batteries and supercapacitors (SCs) based on biodegradable components can play a key role. Organic and printed soft electronics play an increasingly impor- as green energy storage devices (ESDs) to enable off-line opertant role enabling applications in many fields and in particular ability.[17,18,19] Supercapacitors consist of a couple of high-surface in the healthcare, environmental, and well-being industry.[1,2,3] area electrodes, usually made by porous carbon materials Fabrication processes compatible with non-conventional substrates (polymers and textiles) are of primary importance for the device footprint: they should be eco-friendly, organic solvent-free, and suitable for micro-patterning of different geometries Printing techniques such as inkjet printing, screen printing and gravure printing have been employed for the fabrication of thin conductive films on different flexible substrates for different applications, like energy storage, photovoltaics and optoelectronics.[54,55,56] This additive manufacturing approach can solve the problem of scalability and can ensure an efficient large-area patterning with low raw material consumption. The direct production of devices in series and parallel connection is shown
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