Abstract

An all-polymer photonic crystal slab sensor is presented, and shown to exhibit narrow resonant reflection with a FWHM of less than 1 nm and a sensitivity of 31 nm/RIU when sensing media with refractive indices around that of water. This results in a detection limit of 4.5 × 10(-6) RIU when measured in conjunction with a spectrometer of 12 pm/pixel resolution. The device is a two-layer structure, composed of a low refractive index polymer with a periodically modulated surface height, covered with a smooth upper-surface high refractive index inorganic-organic hybrid polymer modified with ZrO2based nanoparticles. Furthermore, it is fabricated using inexpensive vacuum-less techniques involving only UV nanoreplication and polymer spin-casting, and is thus well suited for single-use biological and refractive index sensing applications.

Highlights

  • Optical resonant gratings based on guided mode resonance (GMR) have proven to be a versatile tool within the field of applied optics

  • These resonant gratings, referred to here as photonic crystal slabs (PCS) [18], and known as guided mode resonance filters or reflectors [1, 19] and photonic crystal resonant reflectors [20] in the literature, are essentially slab waveguides in which the high refractive index waveguide core is in some way periodically modulated, such as by refractive index or thickness, and surrounded by cladding media of lower refractive indices [1, 18]

  • An all-polymer photonic crystal slab sensor fabricated by inexpensive vacuum-less techniques involving only UV nanoreplication and polymer spinning has been presented

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Summary

Introduction

Optical resonant gratings based on guided mode resonance (GMR) have proven to be a versatile tool within the field of applied optics. In addition to providing means for novel optical elements, such as wavelength selective mirrors, polarizers [1], waveplates [2], tunable filters [3,4,5,6,7] and ultrabroadband mirrors [8], such resonant gratings have increasingly found their way into a myriad of different sensing applications, such as chemical and environmental sensing [9, 10], label-free biosensing [11,12,13], cancer screening [14,15], photonic crystal enhanced microscopy [16] and three dimensional imaging [17] These resonant gratings, referred to here as photonic crystal slabs (PCS) [18], and known as guided mode resonance filters or reflectors [1, 19] and photonic crystal resonant reflectors [20] in the literature, are essentially slab waveguides in which the high refractive index waveguide core is in some way periodically modulated, such as by refractive index or thickness, and surrounded by cladding media of lower refractive indices [1, 18]. Due to the inexpensive fabrication cost of this PCS sensor, it is highly suitable for high throughput industrial production, and ideal for single-use biological and refractive index sensing applications

Device and concept
1.42 LRI polymer
Device fabrication and characterization
Experimental measurements and results
Findings
Summary and discussion

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