Abstract

We present an all-optical method for measuring the average size, density, and mass fraction of large (>50 nm) clusters produced in cryogenically cooled, continuous gas jets. The technique combines three optical diagnostics—forward/backward Mie scattering detection, 90° scattering imaging, and neutral gas interferometry. Our measurement shows that cryogenic cooling and high backing gas pressure greatly enhance both cluster size and clustering ratio in continuous gas flow. Such a cluster source can be used as a potential target for intense, high-repetition-rate (>kHz) laser pulses.

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