Abstract
Photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) is a method of in-vivo imaging that uses tissue absorption properties. In PAE, the main tools used to detect the acoustic signal are mechanical ultrasound transducers, which require direct contact and which are difficult to miniaturize. All-optic photoacoustic sensors can challenge this issue as they can provide contact-free sensing. Here, we demonstrate sensing of photo-acoustic signals through a multimode fiber (MMF) which can provide an ultra-thin endoscopic photoacoustic sensor. Furthermore, we show the advantage of using the optical-flow method for speckle sensing and extract the photoacoustic signal despite the mode-mixing along the MMF. Moreover, it is demonstrated for the first time that the speckle reconstruction method can be used without the need for imaging of the speckles as this enables the use of multimode fibers for the speckle method.
Highlights
Photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) is a method of in-vivo imaging that uses tissue absorption properties
We conducted a comparison between measurements with a multimode fiber and ultrasound transducer (UST)
The measurements of the PA signal with UST are shown at the upper row (Fig. 1(a–d)), compared to the multimode fiber (MMF)-Remote speckle sensing (RSS) measurements at the lower row (Fig. 1(e–h))
Summary
Photoacoustic endoscopy (PAE) is a method of in-vivo imaging that uses tissue absorption properties. It is demonstrated for the first time that the speckle reconstruction method can be used without the need for imaging of the speckles as this enables the use of multimode fibers for the speckle method. Image reconstruction through MMF is possible with prior knowledge of the state of the fiber and the modal scrambling, in remote speckle sensing, an imprecise reconstruction of the pattern, with even very small error, can have a huge effect on the sensing results For this reason, it’s essential to have a method that enables tracking the speckle pattern change without the need for image reconstruction. The potential for an all-optical PAE is demonstrated
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