Abstract
The major scientific discoveries and key inventions of the Industrial Revolution occurred primarily in advanced economies where incentives were the greatest. Canada was a marginal supplier of natural resources and therefore depended on more advanced economies for technological innovations, skilled labor, capital, and markets.' This reliance on imported technology inevitably involved Canadians in experimentation, modification, and improvement to suit local conditions and specific bottlenecks. Such technological adaptation was a key to the economic success of frontier regions and led frequently to the development of local inventions that might be imitated in other regions.2 In Ontario, this process can be seen taking place in the realm of mining and petroleum.'
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