Abstract

Two major mismatches in SR latch-based time amplifiers (TA) include input skew, which causes gain imbalance, and loading mismatch, which reduces gain accuracy. Accordingly, we propose an all-digital mismatched self-calibrator and compensator for an SR latch-based variable-gain TA. Tunable matching cells and variable capacitors are built into TAs to compensate for input skew (gain imbalance) and loading mismatch (gain inaccuracy). To ensure that the proposed calibration works efficiently and accurately, the TA must provide at least high and low gains where the low gain calibrates the most significant bit (MSB) and the high gain calibrates the least significant bit (LSB). This self-calibrator costs 4375 gates, and the power consumption is 2.8 mA for the TA gain with 2 and 3.2 mA for the TA gain with 16 at a sampling rate of 10 MHz.

Highlights

  • Time amplifiers (TAs) are widely used for time interval measurements in time-to-digital converters (TDCs), time-offlight (TOF) [1]–[5], analog-to-digital converters [6] [7], and all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) [8]–[11] applications

  • We suppose that the routing of IN1 and IN2 match after calibration, so the TA gain is consistent in the input range

  • The TA gain is consistent in the input range

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Summary

INTRODUCTION

Time amplifiers (TAs) are widely used for time interval measurements in time-to-digital converters (TDCs), time-offlight (TOF) [1]–[5], analog-to-digital converters [6] [7], and all-digital phase-locked loop (ADPLL) [8]–[11] applications. The proposed architecture includes a tunable matching cell, a pulse-width arbiter, a tunable capacitor, a calibration controller, a skew calibrator, a load calibrator, a SR-latch based TA, and a TDC. If the input pulse TIN is in the range 0–TOFF, the transition of TAIN1 is quicker than that of TAIN2, but TAIN1 arriving in the component SR1 is slower than TAIN2 owing to the timing delay of TOFF. If TIN > TOFF, the longer TIN increases the interval between TAIN1 and TAIN2 arriving at SR1, whereas the metastable time and TOUT are shorter. But increasing the delay chain of TOFF to achieve this results in a smaller gain

GAIN IMBALANCE
GAIN INACCURACY
PROPOSED CALIBRATION
CONCLUSION
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