Abstract
First two decades of the twenty-first century are characterised by epidemics of non-communicable diseases such as many hundreds of millions of patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases and the type 2 diabetes mellitus, breast, lung, liver and prostate malignancies, neurological, sleep, mood and eye disorders, amongst others. Consequent socio-economic burden is tremendous. Unprecedented decrease in age of maladaptive individuals has been reported. The absolute majority of expanding non-communicable disorders carry a chronic character, over a couple of years progressing from reversible suboptimal health conditions to irreversible severe pathologies and cascading collateral complications. The time-frame between onset of SHS and clinical manifestation of associated disorders is the operational area for an application of reliable risk assessment tools and predictive diagnostics followed by the cost-effective targeted prevention and treatments tailored to the person.This article demonstrates advanced strategies in bio/medical sciences and healthcare focused on suboptimal health conditions in the frame-work of Predictive, Preventive and Personalised Medicine (3PM/PPPM). Potential benefits in healthcare systems and for society at large include but are not restricted to an improved life-quality of major populations and socio-economical groups, advanced professionalism of healthcare-givers and sustainable healthcare economy. Amongst others, following medical areas are proposed to strongly benefit from PPPM strategies applied to the identification and treatment of suboptimal health conditions:Stress overload associated pathologiesMale and female healthPlanned pregnanciesPeriodontal healthEye disordersInflammatory disorders, wound healing and pain management with associated complicationsMetabolic disorders and suboptimal body weightCardiovascular pathologiesCancersStroke, particularly of unknown aetiology and in young individualsSleep medicineSports medicineImproved individual outcomes under pandemic conditions such as COVID-19.
Highlights
First two decades of the twenty-first century are characterised by epidemics of non-communicable diseases such as many hundreds of millions of patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1] and the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [2]; some cancer types such as breast, lung, liver and prostate malignancies [3, 4]; and neurological, sleep, mood and eye disorders [5], amongst others
This study revealed both systolic and diastolic blood pressure to be significantly associated with high suboptimal health status (SHS) scores [25], an alarming finding considering high blood pressure is the main risk factor or T2DM and CVD [25]
We demonstrated that assessment of SHS identifies persons at high versus low risk: avoiding underand over-diagnosis with significant economic impacts to healthcare in the following ways; higher SHS scores are associated with T2DM and CVD [25, 29]; SHS evaluation, in conjunction with modifiable risk factor analysis, allows for risk stratification of patients for T2DM and CVD [23, 26]; increasing ideal cardiovascular health (CVH) metrics score is a new independent protection factor of SHS [23]
Summary
First two decades of the twenty-first century are characterised by epidemics of non-communicable diseases such as many hundreds of millions of patients diagnosed with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) [1] and the type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [2]; some cancer types such as breast, lung, liver and prostate malignancies [3, 4]; and neurological, sleep, mood and eye disorders [5], amongst others. We demonstrated that assessment of SHS identifies persons at high versus low risk: avoiding underand over-diagnosis with significant economic impacts to healthcare in the following ways; higher SHS scores are associated with T2DM and CVD [25, 29]; SHS evaluation, in conjunction with modifiable risk factor analysis, allows for risk stratification of patients for T2DM and CVD [23, 26]; increasing ideal CVH metrics score is a new independent protection factor of SHS [23] These examples evidence SHS as the new standard in the global fight against chronic disease from the perspectives of PPPM. SSS consists of three symptom dimensions, with ten factors supported by 58 items
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