Alkil glükozid szenzibilizáció – a környezetbarát termékek veszélyei Ajánlás a magyar környezeti standard sorba történő beemelésre

Abstract

Alkyl glucosides are compounds with cleaning, foaming, and emulsifying properties. They have become increasingly popular in recent years due to their environmentally- friendly features. They are mainly used in products for environmentally conscious consumers. Alkyl glucosides are present in 10% of products according to the Contact Allergen Management Program (CAMP) database. They are present in shower gels, soaps, shampoos, sunscreens, detergents, hair dyes, perfumes, and deodorants. They are also found in wipes for newborns and infants, so there is a risk of early sensitization. Their presence has also been described in foam wound dressings and antimicrobial foam dressings. Their importance is highlighted by the fact that in 2017, the American Contact Dermatitis Society (ACDS) named alkyl glucosides as „allergens of the year”. The present article describes the frequency and characteristics of decyl glucoside and lauryl glucoside sensitization in patients patch tested between 2018 and 2021 at the Department of Dermatology, Venereology, and Dermatooncology of the Semmelweis University. From January 2018 to December 2021, a total of 1160 patients were patch tested and 30 patients (2,59%) had a positive reaction to at least one of the alkyl glucosides. 7 patients were sensitized only to decyl glucoside, 10 patients only to a lauryl glucoside, and 13 patients to both alkyl glucosides. 56.67% of the alkyl glucoside sensitized patients were female, and 26.67 - 26.67% were in the age group 20- 29 years and 60-69 years. Patients sensitized with alkyl glucoside most commonly had allergic contact dermatitis symptoms all over the body, on the face, and hands. The positive patch test reactions occurred mainly in the 72. hour. The most common co-sensitizations were methylisothiazolinone (MI) and nickel (II) sulfate. 30% of the alkyl glucoside sensitized patients had a history of atopic dermatitis. According to our results, we recommend the inclusion of decyl glucoside and lauryl glucoside in the Hungarian standard patch test series.