Alkaloids and Phenolic Compound Activity of Piper N igrum against Some Human Pathogenic Bacteria

Abstract

This study focused on the production of antibacterial compound against human-pathogenic bacteria. Alkaloid and Phenols extract prepared with selected concentrations from Piper nigrum (fruits) to screening for antibacterial activity against four Gram-positive of Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus spp. strains with four Gram-negative of Escherichia coli strains bacteria. The antibacterial activities of the extracts (0.002, 0.004, 0.02, 0.04, 0.2, and 0.4%) were evaluated using agar diffusion methods. The completely randomized design (CRD) was used with three replications. The analysis of the alkaloid and phenol were made by fast liquid chromatography (FLC). The result showed antimicrobial activity against all tested bacteria with zone of inhibition ranged from (1-60mm). Alkaloids showed Maximum zone of inhibition against Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli(PBR 322 standard strain) (26.4 mm) and minimum against Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus isolated from Urinary tract infection (10.5 mm). While Phenols showed maximum antibacterial activity towards Gram positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus (isolated form Dermal infection) (22.4 mm) and least effect against Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli (PBR 322 standard strain) (13.4 mm). Also the results showed maximum concentration activity was 0.4% which recorded for Alkaloids and Phenols (43.7 and 48.1 mm) respectively, while the minimum concentration activity was 0.002% recorded ( 0.6 and 1 mm) respectively. Beside FLC analysis results showed two alkaloid with ten phenolic compounds in P. nigrum crude extracts. The crude extract of P. nigrum demonstrated a significant antibacterial activity against the microorganisms investigated and could be used as antibacterial agents.