Alkaloid Composition of Chelidonium majus L. Studied by Different Chromatographic Techniques

Abstract

The greater celandine (Chelidonium majus L.) is a well known source of isoquinoline alkaloids with therapeutic value. The aim of our work was to develop a simple and fast method to determine the alkaloid composition in Chelidonium plant organs. TLC-densitometry seemed to be the most convenient analytical technique for routine, fast investigations and its precision was controlled by using HPLC. A densitometric method using Silica gel 60 F254 with chloroform-methanol 60:30 (v/v) and methylene chloride-methanol 97:3 (v/v) as mobile phases has been developed to quantify the main alkaloids (chelidonine, chelerythrine, sanguinarine, coptisine and berberine). The application of TLC permitted utilizing the fluorescence of alkaloids without purification and made the detection extremely sensitive. The samples were further investigated by our reliable HPLC method. Analysis was performed on a C18 column with acetonitrile-methanol-30 mM ammonium formate (pH = 2.8) 14.7:18.0:67.3 (v/v/v) as mobile phase and alkaloids were determined at 280 nm by using external standards. Our TLC-densitometric method elaborated is a simple technique for accurate and reproducible determination of Chelidonium alkaloids. The results of the two chromatographic methods showed good agreement.