Alkaline‐Earth Metal Mediated Benzene‐to‐Biphenyl Coupling

Abstract

AbstractComplex [(DIPePBDI)Ca]2(C6H6), with a C6H62−dianion bridging two Ca2+ions, reacts with benzene to yield [(DIPePBDI)Ca]2(biphenyl) with a bridging biphenyl2−dianion (DIPePBDI=HC[C(Me)N‐DIPeP]2; DIPeP=2,6‐CH(Et)2‐phenyl). The biphenyl complex was also prepared by reacting [(DIPePBDI)Ca]2(C6H6) with biphenyl or by reduction of [(DIPePBDI)CaI]2with KC8in presence of biphenyl. Benzene‐benzene coupling was also observed when the deep purple product of ball‐milling [(DIPPBDI)CaI(THF)]2with K/KI was extracted with benzene (DIPP=2,6‐CH(Me)2‐phenyl) giving crystalline [(DIPPBDI)Ca(THF)]2(biphenyl) (52 % yield). Reduction of [(DIPePBDI)SrI]2with KC8gave highly labile [(DIPePBDI)Sr]2(C6H6) as a black powder (61 % yield) which reacts rapidly and selectively with benzene to [(DIPePBDI)Sr]2(biphenyl). DFT calculations show that the most likely route for biphenyl formation is a pathway in which the C6H62−dianion attacks neutral benzene. This is facilitated by metal‐benzene coordination.