Alkaline phosphatase activity during a phosphate replete dinoflagellate bloom caused by Prorocentrum obtusidens

Abstract

Prorocentrum obtusidens Schiller (formerly P. donghaiense Lu), a harmful algal species common in the East China Sea (ECS), often thrives with the depletion of phosphate. Three cruises in the spring of 2013 sampled an entire P. obtusidens bloom process to investigate the dynamics of alkaline phosphatase activity (APA) and phosphorus (P) status of the bloom species using both bulk and cell-specific assays. Unlike previous studies, the bloom of P. obtusidens occurred in a phosphate replete environment. Very high APA, with an average of 76.62 ± 90.24 nmol L–1 h–1, was observed during the early-bloom phase, a value comparable to that in low phosphate environments. The alkaline phosphatase (AP) hydrolytic kinetics also suggested a more efficient AP system with a lower half-saturation constant (Ks), but higher maximum potential hydrolytic velocity (Vmax) in this period. The APA decreased significantly with an average of 24.98 ± 30.98 nmol L–1 h–1 when the bloom reached its peak. The lack of a correlation between dissolved inorganic phosphate (DIP) or dissolved organic phosphate (DOP) concentration and APA suggested that the APA was regulated by the internal P growth demand, rather than the external P availability during the phosphate replete P. obtusidens bloom. These findings facilitate an understanding of the P. obtusidens acclimation strategy with respect to P variations in terms of AP expression during blooms in the ECS.